Arc vs Mutex vs RwLock

Type	Purpose	Thread Safety	Use Case	Performance
Arc<T>	Share ownership of data across threads with reference counting.	Yes	Share immutable or shareable data across threads; no direct mutation.	Low overhead; atomic counter ops.
Mutex<T>	Protect shared data with mutual exclusion; allows one thread to access at a time.	Yes	Exclusive access to mutable data; single-threaded writes with blocking.	Locking overhead; blocks threads.
RwLock<T>	Allow multiple readers or one writer to access shared data.	Yes	Multiple readers with occasional writes; read-heavy workloads.	More complex than Mutex; read/write locks.
Rc<T>	Reference counting for single-threaded use; like Arc but not thread-safe.	No	Share data within a single thread; cheaper than Arc.	Lower overhead than Arc (non-atomic).
RefCell<T>	Single-threaded runtime borrow checking for mutable data.	No	Dynamic borrowing in single-threaded code; pairs with Rc for shared mutability.	Runtime borrow checks; no thread safety.